Advanced forms and complications are not uncommon. These include: — Respiratory insufficiency due to extensive lesions and destroyed lungs; — Massive haemoptysis due to large cavities with hypervascularisation and erosion of vessels; — Pneumothorax due to the rupture of a cavity in the pleural space. In an endemic area, the diagnosis of PTB is to be considered, in practice, for all patients who have experienced respiratory symptoms for more than 2 weeks. For differential diagnosis in HIV-infected patients, see Section 2.
Table 2. Response to broad-spectrum antibiotics with no anti-TB activity suggests bacterial pneumonia. Lobar consolidation is typical of bacterial pneumonia, however, X-ray alone cannot differentiate TB from bacterial pneumonia. Bad smelling, purulent sputum. Cavities typically have a thick-wall and air-fluid levels. Bronchectiasis Frequent complication of successive, poorly treated bronchopulmonary infections in tropical regions. It is impractical to use in the isolated mountainous areas in the highlands region of Papua New Guinea and in Western Province, and where there is no road system.
It cannot detect other forms of TB. In children and infants it is difficult to obtain good quality films and to interpret them. The scoring chart devised by Biddulph and Edwards is an excellent alternative where a diagnosis is not obvious in a chronically ill child.
Diagnosis of PTB in pediatric population represents a challenge due to nonspecific nature of its signs and symptoms and to the low possibility of identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , as we found in this series of cases only in So, clinical suspicion, chest X-ray findings, and contact study with the aim of establishing a timely treatment are fundamental in its diagnosis. It is important to say that monitoring the clinical evolution is fundamental in all cases, given that in an important number of them, treatment is indicated without microbiological correlation.
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Article Google Scholar. Pediatr Infect Dis J. An Esp Pediatr. PubMed Google Scholar. Meta-analysis of the published literature. Indian Pediatr. Starke JR: Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Starke JR: Childhood tuberculosis: A diagnostic dilemma. J Pediatr. Tuber Lung Dis. Download references. We thank Dr Cyril Ndidi Nwoye a native English speaker for translating the manuscript, and reviewing and giving it the needed standard style. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Reprints and Permissions. Pulmonary Tuberculous: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. BMC Infect Dis 14, Download citation. Received : 22 July Accepted : 11 July Published : 19 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Pulmonary tuberculosis PTB is an infectious disease that involves the lungs and can be lethal in many cases. Methods A retrospective study based on a revision of clinical files of patients less than 18 years old diagnosed with PTB from January to January at Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City was carried out.
Results In the year period of revision, 87 children were diagnosed with PTB; 57 Conclusions PTB in pediatric population represents a diagnostic challenge for the fact that clinical manifestations are unspecific and the diagnosis is not confirmed in all cases; that is why clinical suspicion, X-ray findings and PPD are indispensable for opportune start of treatment. Methods A retrospective and descriptive study based on a review of the clinical files of children less than 18 years old hospitalized from to at National Institute of Pediatrics NIP with diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis on discharge were carried out.
Results On application of the inclusion criteria, a probable case of tuberculosis were found in a total of 1,subjects in the period studied. Figure 1. Distribution by age of children with pulmonary tuberculosis. Full size image. Table 1 Comparison between cases of definitive VS probable pulmonary tuberculosis Full size table.
Table 2 Symptomatology and radiological finding in 87 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis Full size table. Discussion In this study, PTB frequency was found to be 5.
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