Call: By Kaitlyn Ersek on Sep 14, AM Plants can be separated into two distinct categories: monocots and dicots. Monocot vs. Dicot Monocots differ from dicots in four distinct structural features: leaves, stems, roots and flowers. Roots: Fibrous vs. Stems: Arranging the vascular tissue As the monocots develop, the stem arranges the vascular tissue the circulatory system of the plant sporadically. Leaves: Parallel veins vs. Flowers: How many flower petals does your plant have?
What Does This Mean for You? Works Cited Phelan, Jay. Related posts. Subscribe Here! But if you take a look at the cross section of the stalk in dicots you will find the vascular bundles consist of primary bundles forming a cylinder in the centre.
The number of flower parts is different in the two groups. They occur in multiples of three in monocots and in multiples of four or five in dicots. Dicot leaves are dorsiventral i. Monocot leaves are isobilateral i. Leaf veins are arranged either in parallel through the length of the leaf or in a reticulate arrangement throughout the leaf. In most species, monocot leaves have parallel arrangement while dicots have reticulate venation of leaves.
Stomata are pores found in the epidermis of leaves that facilitate gas exchange , i. Monocot leaves have stomata on both their surfaces, but some dicots have stomata on only one surface usually the lower one of their leaves. Moreover stomata in monocot leaves are arranged in highly ordered rows, whereas the dicots have more of a crazy-paving of them.
Stomata are bordered by a pair of specialized guard cells that regulate the size of the stomatal opening. Monocots and dicots differ in the design of the guard cells; they are dumbbell-shaped in monocots and look like a pair of sausages in dicots.
Bulliform cells help regulate water loss. They are present on the upper surface of the leaves in some monocots. When water supply is abundant, bulliform cells become turgid and consequently the leaf straightens up, which exposes the leaf and leads to evaporation of excess water. Conversely when water is in short supply, bulliform cells shrink and the leaf curls in and becomes less susceptible to water loss through exposure.
There is also a different type of pollen structure present in the two classes. Monocots developed from plants with a single pore or furrow in the pollen, whereas dicots developed from plants with three furrows in their pollen structure. Roots can develop either from a main radicle or arise in clusters from the nodes in the stem, called adventitious roots. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Necessary Necessary. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.
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The colors on this particular plant make them easy to see and count: two purple petals, two white petals, and one large yellow petal at the bottom. Pansy flowers. Their shape and the pattern of the veins running through them are great sources of information to help you identify whether the plant is a monocot or a dicot. Monocots tend to have long leaves with striate venation, meaning that the veins run parallel to each other.
Like lilies, onions are easily recognizable monocots. Allium crenulatum, also known as the Olympic onion or scalloped onion. Screenshot of the monocot leaf 3D model in Visible Biology beta. There are two basic layouts for reticulate venation.
A dicot leaf can have a pinnate or feather-like pattern, with a central vein running down the middle of the leaf and other veins branching off to either side of it. Alternatively, it can have a palmate pattern, with veins branching out from a single vein to form a shape resembling the palm of a hand. Fig trees—plants in the genus Ficus —have leaves with a pinnate venation pattern.
In the following image, you can see how the leaves of the Ficus elastica and Ficus lutea have a main central vein with other, smaller veins branching off of it at various points along the length of the leaf. Ficus elastica L and Ficus lutea R leaves. Hedera helix, or English ivy, is a dicot that has leaves with a palmate venation pattern. In the following image, you can see that although each leaf has smaller vein branches further from its base, the main veins originate from the bottom of the leaf and extend out.
Hedera helix. Unlike leaves and flowers, which are visible from just looking at a plant in its natural habitat, roots are usually not immediately observable. Monocot roots tend to be fibrous and close to the surface of the soil. Roystonea regia royal palm roots.
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