There are about 20 brighter stars within Pisces' "fish" pattern, and numerous others in the official region designated by the IAU as "Pisces" on its charts. The constellation Pisces doesn't have a lot of very obvious deep-sky objects, but the best one for stargazers to spot is a galaxy called M74 from Charles Messier's list of "faint fuzzy objects".
M74 is spiral galaxy, similar in shape to the Milky Way although its arms are not so tightly wound up as those in our home galaxy. It lies about 30 million light-years away from us. Professional astronomers continually study M74 because it's "face on" from our point of view here on Earth. This positioning allows astronomers to study the star-forming regions in the spiral arms, and search out variable stars, supernovae, and other objects among the billion stars that make up the galaxy.
Astronomers use instruments like the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the galaxy for regions of star birth, as it is a prodigious star-formation galaxy.
They are also intrigued by the possibility of a black hole at the heart of M Although it's not in Pisces, the Triangulum galaxy known as M33 is right next to the head of the western fish.
It's a spiral galaxy that is actually part of the Local Group of galaxies that includes the Milky Way. Andromeda is the largest member of the group, the Milky Way is second-largest, and M33 is third-largest. Interestingly, astronomers have observed that Andromeda and M33 are linked together by streams of gas, which means that the two have had a tango in the past and will likely interact again in the distant future. Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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One of the key ways to identify Pisces is to find the Circlet of Pisces — also known as the head of the Western Fish — to the south of the Square of Pegasus. The Eastern Fish can be seen leaping upward to the east of the Square of Pegasus. It is a bright giant star G class that is light-years from Earth and has a luminosity that is times that of the sun. Alpha Piscium is the third brightest star in Pisces and is made up of a pair of white dwarf stars in close proximity.
It is also called Alrescha "the cord" as it illuminates the spot where it appears that the tails of the two fish are tied together. It is the 31st closest star system and the nearest single white dwarf to the sun, at just Pisces also contains a Messier object — which are galaxies, nebulae and star clusters recorded by 18th Century French astronomer Charles Messier. Messier 74 is a spiral galaxy located between the stars alpha Arietis and eta Piscium. Two years later, researchers announced that data from those observations showed the dwarf galaxies used to be by themselves , but over time they moved to a nearby group of galaxies — a process that accelerated star formation.
Researchers said the study of Pisces A and Pisces B can also shed light on what dwarf galaxies today may have looked like in the ancient past. In Greek mythology, these fish are sometimes said to have rescued Aphrodite and her son Eros from the monster Typhon sent by Gaia. This constellation is almost certainly of Babylonian rather than Greek origin, and the significance of the cord connecting the tails of the two fish has been lost to history.
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