His plan for national economic recovery, the GOLERO Plan was the first of this type and was designed to stimulate the economy by brining electricity to the whole of Russia. Lenin established a national free healthcare system and free public education. He also established the Cheka, a secret police force to defend the success of the Russian Revolution and censor and control anti-Bolshevik newspapers and activists.
Following two failed assassination attempts, Lenin, following a suggestion from a military leader named Joseph Stalin, authorized the start of the Red Terror, an execution order of former government officials under the Czar and Provisional Government, as well as the royal family.
Shortly thereafter, the country dissolved into civil war between the ruling Bolsheviks and the White Guard, a loose alliance of anti-Bolshevik parties including tsarists, right-wing parties, nationalists and anti-communist left-wing parties.
Following the end of the war in , Lenin established the New Economic Policy, which allowed for private businesses and a market economy, despite its direct contradiction with Marxist ideology. He died in January of a heart attack. As General Secretary under Lenin, he also oversaw brutal military actions throughout the civil war and led the invasion of Georgia to overthrow an unfriendly social-democratic government. In Georgia, Stalin took the lead in establishing a Bolshevik regime in the country hard-line policies that forcefully repressed any communist opposition.
In time, Marx became increasingly isolated from fellow London Communists, and focused more on developing his economic theories. Marxism is a religious creed. Thus, when Marxian predictions fail even though they are allegedly derived from scientific laws of history, Marxists go to great lengths to change the terms of the original prediction. Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism.
They believe that private ownership of the means of production enriches capitalists owners of capital at the expense of workers. Marxist economics are based on the economic theories of Philosopher Karl Marx.
It follows from this that the [working class] is responsible for the production of all of the [value] wealth consumed by all members of society. Marx viewed capitalism as immoral because he saw a system in which workers were exploited by capitalists, who unjustly extracted surplus value for their own gain.
A command or planned economy occurs when the government controls all major aspects of the economy and economic production. Like the other classical economists, Karl Marx believed in the labor theory of value to explain relative differences in market prices. This theory stated that the value of a produced economic good can be measured objectively by the average number of labor-hours required to produce it. Marx and Engels thought of the proletariat as the individuals with labor power, and the bourgeoisie as those who own the means of production in a capitalist society.
The state would pass through a phase, often thought of as a socialism, and eventually settle finally on a pure communist society. In a communist society, all private ownership would be abolished, and the means of production would belong to the entire community. In the communist movement, a popular slogan stated that everyone gave according to their abilities and received according to their needs.
Thus, the needs of a society would be put above and beyond the specific needs of an individual. Recommended for you. How the Troubles Began in Northern Ireland.
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