For example, your application might rely on an authentication token passed from IIS to the managed runtime, and, due to the new architecture in IIS 7 and later, the process breaks your application. The diagrams in this section provide an overview of an HTTP request in process.
At each event, a native module processes part of the request, such as authenticating the user or adding information to the event log. If a request requires a managed module, the native ManagedEngine module creates an AppDomain, where the managed module can perform the necessary processing, such as authenticating a user with Forms authentication.
Figure 2, below, shows an HTTP request entering the worker process. Feedback will be sent to Microsoft: By pressing the submit button, your feedback will be used to improve Microsoft products and services. Privacy policy. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. IIS 6. A Web server engine that can be customized by adding or removing modules.
Protocol Listeners Protocol listeners receive protocol-specific requests, send them to IIS for processing, and then return responses to requestors. Requests for cached responses are served without switching to user mode. Kernel-mode request queuing. Requests cause less overhead in context switching because the kernel forwards requests directly to the correct worker process.
If no worker process is available to accept a request, the kernel-mode request queue holds the request until a worker process picks it up. Request pre-processing and security filtering. Note In IIS 6. Is this page helpful? Yes No. Any additional feedback?
Skip Submit. Sends default and configured HTTP error messages when an error status code is set on a response. Performs protocol-related actions, such as setting response headers and redirecting headers based on configuration. Performs URLScan tasks such as configuring allowed verbs and file name extensions, setting limits, and scanning for bad character sequences.
Provides user mode caching of user name and token pairs for modules that produce Windows user principals. Validates configuration issues, such as when an application is running in Integrated mode but has handlers or modules declared in the system. Manages anonymous identifiers, which are used by features that support anonymous identification such as ASP. NET profile. Manages user profiles by using ASP. NET profile, which stores and retrieves user settings in a data source such as a database.
Supports maintaining session state, which enables storage of data specific to a single client within an application on the server. If you are hosting a basic website on your own and cannot afford a newer version consider Apache Server instead of anything older than IIS 6. IIS allows you to create sites, applications, and virtual directories to share information with users over the Internet or internally on an intranet such as a home network.
This concept did exist in older versions of IIS, but several changes took place in IIS 7 and changed the definition and functionality of this concept.
The directory name becomes part of the application allowing users to navigate to a website or application and gain access to the content hosted on the server. This content could be a website itself or media such as photos or videos within a web application or site. In IIS 6. An application was not a physically separate object from a virtual directory instead an app was really just a virtual directory on its own with one of the following properties in its metabase: AppFriendlyName, AppRoot, AppIsolated, and AppPoolID.
The only issue was creating a system where applications in one pool would not be allowed to communicate with applications in another pool on the same server. In IIS 7. They exist in a hierarchical relationship such as a website may contain one or more applications, an application contains one or more virtual directories, and a virtual directory maps to a physical directory on a computer.
In IIS, specific names—chosen by you—are mapped to directories. The name gives users a quick way of accessing server-hosted content, whether in the form of another website, or via media like videos and pictures. With IIS 6, apps and virtual directories were treated as distinct and separate components.
From IIS 7 onward, apps and virtual directories exist in a hierarchy, which means a single site can contain numerous apps and multiple virtual directories. Any business hoping to survive should always be considering how its security measures fare against the countless threats out there.
One of these threats is unauthorized access. This keeps external parties and entities from gaining inappropriate access to your information, as they would need permission to do so. This begins with creating a certificate. To do this, make sure Windows Server is installed, then install and configure IIS according to the instructions in this guide.
You can also attribute a certificate to a website. Finish the Certificate Wizard process and go to the Properties page. From here you can define the name, the. NET version, the managed pipeline mode, and whether you want the application pool to start instantly or not.
Understanding the part application pool users have to play is important. IIS will create a virtual user for each application pool. Virtual users have folders associated with them.
Remember if you delete an application pool, the user folders will still exist. To save a little space, you can go ahead and delete these. Every 29 hours, application pools recycle. They also recycle whenever the configuration file changes. However, you can tweak how often the application pools recycle to suit your preferences.
The recycling process frees up memory being consumed by apps running in the pool and is a great way of keeping runaway processes from eating up your server memory. But what uses up memory? Anything on the stack and heap, basically. This means static variables, static properties, items in the memory cache, object-to-object referencing, chunks of memory waiting to be disposed of, and much more. You can also define specific times by ticking the box and entering an hour into the field—for example, 8 p.
The recycling settings also let you determine memory-based maximums, like virtual memory usage and private memory usage. In addition, you can alter settings for how recycling events are logged.
Event log entries are generated when an application pool is recycled, according to your specifications. You can define which events call for a log to be generated. If you access the advanced settings, then you can do plenty more. For example, whenever the recycling process is initiated, a new process starts.
This new process will have a new PID, but you can change this via the advanced settings if you like. You can alter pretty much any of the recycling configurations from this dialog box. Perhaps you have exclusively used Apache in the past and are looking for a change. Moreover, what seems like an argument of IIS vs. Apache often tips into the common Microsoft vs.
Linux debate. There are a lot of mixed messages out there, so hopefully this guide will afford you a more objective view. This is an open-source server created by the Apache Software Foundation. Bugs are resolved within the community, often in a highly collaborative fashion, and updates are frequent.
A big benefit of Apache is that you can run it on any major operating system. This is a comprehensive web server solution. Apache usage takes up a substantial chunk of the web server solution market, though its prevalence has been in decline since IIS has increased in popularity. Apache is a very versatile tool. It also has a range of authentication modules, including:. Despite its impressive suite of features, there are some issues with Apache. The main one is feature bloat. Many applications fall victim to this fault, which basically means they have a huge quantity of features that go mostly unused.
This is quite a shocking figure, especially considering there are often complaints of Apache not being an especially speedy application. Some might deduce Apache has missed the mark in this respect, by valuing quantity over quality.
It is, however, free to use, which is a big benefit. This, I think, is proof of its dependability. Another reason IIS is so popular is it boasts ample support for Microsoft products, like the. For those of you whose sites depend on.
IIS also has impressive diagnostic utilities, covering request tracing failures, monitoring of requests, runtime data, and support for virtual hosting. For me, IIS is the clear winner. This is because, although IIS offers less flexibility in terms of operating system, it comes with the significant benefit of Windows-backed support and resources. Hopefully, this guide has given you a better understanding of IIS server, how it is used, where it sits in the market, and the basics of its components.
Even so, choosing among the vast range of tools available for use with IIS can be a daunting prospect. In ranking these products, I considered key qualities including user-friendliness, the scope of the features, the sophistication of the features, and the simplicity of the setup process.
This versatile, user-friendly tool is rich in features and intuitive in its design. SolarWinds is a big name in the software development industry, with products covering network, systems, database, application, and IT service management. Its solutions are sophisticated but intuitively designed, with a focus on the user experience and how its products fit into wider IT activities and systems.
By combining monitoring and management utilities, SAM offers a comprehensive solution for IIS server and application monitoring. You will gain visibility into IIS web server sites, their availability, and a range of other important metrics—this includes memory usage, response time , CPU usage, and disk usage. You can also monitor authentication servers e. You can monitor database servers e. This list, which is far from exhaustive, demonstrates how versatile SolarWinds SAM is as a server monitoring software.
This approach to representing data gives you insights at a glance, saving you time and effort. The design is another thing I like about SAM. It resembles a basic digital folder, in effect letting you scroll through subfolders. In the Application Summary window, you can group applications according to preference—for example, by application template and node name. By clicking on the arrow icon next to each name e. If security is high on your list of priorities when looking at IIS administration tools, SAM is a good option, because it can monitor the expiration of SSL certificates.
I highly recommend taking advantage of the day free trial.
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